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Types of livestock Print E-mail
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The term ‘livestock’ is nebulous and may defined narrowly or broadly.

Domesticated animals such as include pigs, cows, goats, deer, sheep, donkeys or mules, horses, yaks and chickens are certainly livestock. In addition, camels, llamas, emus, ostriches may be intentionally reared and be ‘livestock’. This definition includes mammals and birds.

On a broader view, ‘livestock’ could incorporate the intentional rearing of butterflies [1] and honey bees. [2] [3][4] [5][6] [7]. Taking ‘livestock’ to mean ‘domesticated animal’ could include aquaculture, including fish, mollusks, shrimp or other water-borne invertebrates.

By contrast, on a very narrow view, ‘livestock’ refers to red meat animals: cattle and lamb.

This article considers ‘livestock’ based on the middle view. The following table summarises types of livestock.

Animal / TypeWild ancestorDomesticatedArea first domesticatedCurrent rangeUses
Alpaca
Mammal, herbivore
VicuñaBetween 5000 BC and 4000 BCAndesAndes, North America, Europe, Australia, New Zealandwool
Bison
Mammal, herbivore
American BisonLate 19th CenturyNorth AmericaNorth America, Australiameat, leather, dairy
Camel
Mammal, herbivore
Wild Dromedary and Bactrian camelsBetween 4000 BC and 1400 BCAsiaAfrica, Asia, AustraliaLabour, dairy
Cow
Mammal, herbivore
Auroch (extinct)6000 BCSouthwest Asia, India, North Africa (?)WorldwideMeat (beef, veal, blood), dairy, leather, labour
Deer
Mammal, herbivore
Wild deer1970North AmericaNorth America, Australia, New Zealandantler velvet, antlers, meat (venison), leather
Dog
Mammal, carnivore
Wolf12000 BCWorldwideLabour, meat
Donkey
Mammal, herbivore
Wild ass4000 BCEgyptWorldwideLabour, meat, dairy
Goat
Mammal, herbivore
Bezoar goat8000 BCSouthwest AsiaWorldwideDairy, meat, wool
Guinea pig
Mammal, herbivore
Cavia tschudii5000 BCSouth AmericaWorldwideMeat
Horse
Mammal, herbivore
Wild horses of Southern Russia (extinct)4000 BCUkraineWorldwideLabour, military, meat, dairy
Llama
Mammal, herbivore
Guanaco3500 BCAndesAndes, North AmericaLabour, meat, wool
Mule
Mammal, herbivore
Sterile hybrid of donkey and horse  WorldwideLabour
Pig
Mammal, omnivore
Wild boar8000 BCSouthwest Asia, ChinaWorldwideMeat (pork) and bacon, leather
Rabbit
Mammal, herbivore
Wild rabbitbetween AD 400-900FranceWorldwideMeat, wool
Reindeer
Mammal, herbivore
Wild reindeer3000 BCRussiaArcticMeat, leather, antlers, dairy, labour
sheep
Mammal, herbivore
Asiatic mouflon sheep8000 BCSouthwest AsiaWorldwideWool, dairy, meat (mutton and lamb)
Water Buffalo
Mammal, herbivore
Wild water buffalo4000 BCChina (Tibetan Plateau)Asia, South AmericaLabour, meat, dairy
Yak
Mammal, herbivore
Wild yak TibetTibetan plateauMeat, dairy, wool, labour

 

Cite: Wikipedia


Last Updated ( Thursday, 23 March 2006 )
 


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