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The term ‘livestock’ is nebulous and may defined narrowly or broadly.
Domesticated animals such as include pigs, cows, goats, deer, sheep, donkeys or mules, horses, yaks and chickens are certainly livestock. In addition, camels, llamas, emus, ostriches may be intentionally reared and be ‘livestock’. This definition includes mammals and birds. On a broader view, ‘livestock’ could incorporate the intentional rearing of butterflies [1] and honey bees. [2] [3][4] [5][6] [7]. Taking ‘livestock’ to mean ‘domesticated animal’ could include aquaculture, including fish, mollusks, shrimp or other water-borne invertebrates. By contrast, on a very narrow view, ‘livestock’ refers to red meat animals: cattle and lamb. This article considers ‘livestock’ based on the middle view. The following table summarises types of livestock. | Animal / Type | Wild ancestor | Domesticated | Area first domesticated | Current range | Uses |
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Alpaca Mammal, herbivore | Vicuña | Between 5000 BC and 4000 BC | Andes | Andes, North America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand | wool |
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Bison Mammal, herbivore | American Bison | Late 19th Century | North America | North America, Australia | meat, leather, dairy |
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Camel Mammal, herbivore | Wild Dromedary and Bactrian camels | Between 4000 BC and 1400 BC | Asia | Africa, Asia, Australia | Labour, dairy |
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Cow Mammal, herbivore | Auroch (extinct) | 6000 BC | Southwest Asia, India, North Africa (?) | Worldwide | Meat (beef, veal, blood), dairy, leather, labour |
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Deer Mammal, herbivore | Wild deer | 1970 | North America | North America, Australia, New Zealand | antler velvet, antlers, meat (venison), leather |
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Dog Mammal, carnivore | Wolf | 12000 BC | Worldwide | Labour, meat |
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Donkey Mammal, herbivore | Wild ass | 4000 BC | Egypt | Worldwide | Labour, meat, dairy |
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Goat Mammal, herbivore | Bezoar goat | 8000 BC | Southwest Asia | Worldwide | Dairy, meat, wool |
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Guinea pig Mammal, herbivore | Cavia tschudii | 5000 BC | South America | Worldwide | Meat |
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Horse Mammal, herbivore | Wild horses of Southern Russia (extinct) | 4000 BC | Ukraine | Worldwide | Labour, military, meat, dairy |
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Llama Mammal, herbivore | Guanaco | 3500 BC | Andes | Andes, North America | Labour, meat, wool |
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Mule Mammal, herbivore | Sterile hybrid of donkey and horse | | | Worldwide | Labour |
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Pig Mammal, omnivore | Wild boar | 8000 BC | Southwest Asia, China | Worldwide | Meat (pork) and bacon, leather |
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Rabbit Mammal, herbivore | Wild rabbit | between AD 400-900 | France | Worldwide | Meat, wool |
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Reindeer Mammal, herbivore | Wild reindeer | 3000 BC | Russia | Arctic | Meat, leather, antlers, dairy, labour |
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sheep Mammal, herbivore | Asiatic mouflon sheep | 8000 BC | Southwest Asia | Worldwide | Wool, dairy, meat (mutton and lamb) |
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Water Buffalo Mammal, herbivore | Wild water buffalo | 4000 BC | China (Tibetan Plateau) | Asia, South America | Labour, meat, dairy |
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Yak Mammal, herbivore | Wild yak | | Tibet | Tibetan plateau | Meat, dairy, wool, labour |
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Cite: Wikipedia |